
! ꑟ

(( ))

! ꑟ
%/ ꑟ %/
%/
.
. 㗨 ꑟ
.
(())
. 쓑
.
ꑟ
.
! ꑟ
:
餯 ))
.
ꑟ ꑟ
𤐤
.((
ꑟ
(( )) :
. -
ꐤ
.
ꑟ
. ꐤ
)) . ꤪ
ꑟ ((
)) :
.(( ꑟ
.
ꑟ (( ))
ꑟ
쓯 .
. ꨐ
:
. (()) 엨
(( )) /
. 𗨪 .
.
.
(())
.
. (()) ᐢ
))
. ((
:
. -
-
.
.
ꑟ -
. 𥑓

(( ))
듑 .
.
.
( )
.
. 䑓
.
餬
.
뢑 .
.
.()
. ꗤ
食 - :
.
-
.
-
. 褗
㮗
.
.
ꤪ
拉
拉 .
㓐
餬 .
. 餬
. ꤬ 餬
.
.
.
.
. ꐑ
.
ⓑ
.
(Dual Economy)
. 餬
.
.
;
.
.
엨
. (( ))
.
.
.
Sustainable (( ))
(development)
.() 餯
.
.
.
鐢
둓 .
. 袐
.
(Liberation)(( ))
.
𤥓 ꤪ (( ))
. ⓑ
. (( ))
)
. ( ) (
()
. ⓑ
. ⓑ
㓑
.
.
.
.()
.
.
엨 .
(CIA)
.
.
.() 食
%
. %/
ꤪ %
. % % .
쓯
% . 쓯
. %/ %
%/ %/ %
. % % .
/ %
.()
.
.
.
.
()
%
.
.
.
- -
.
(Protectionism)
. - -
.
䑓
.
% %
(Oxfam) 𢐢 .
.() (Export-Led Collapse)
.
(Nation)
쓯 쐢
United .()
(Nations Habitat)
)) :
.()((
.() %
(Post-Keynesian)
Trickle-down (( )) (Reaganism)
(econmy)
𗨓
.
.
. (Welfare State)
.
.
𗨓
䤓 .
.
. .
䤓
.
食 .
.
(Austerity Program) () 𖡨
.
.
ⓑ .
.
(())
.
.
.
엨
.
.
.
. 쓯 䑓
쓯
.
餯
餯 食
.
(( ))
쓯
.
.
䑓
.
.
. ( )
.
.
. .
ꑮ
餯 뤪
. 餬
. 餬
;
뤪 .
ᑮ
ꗨ
.
.
ⓑ
엨
(Metatheory) .
ꤪ .
.
.
. 荤
.
. 엨 ꤬
.
ⓑ
.
.
.
ⓑ
.
.
餬
(Wolfgang Sachs) .
(The Development Dictionary)
)) :
.()((
O.
:ⓑ
쐤 (
WID (( (( .
Women, Environment and
. WID (Alternative Development)
2- Robert Neff, 1995, "Japan's New
Identity" Whed in York W, Bradshaw and Michael Wallace Global
In eguaities, 1996.
.
(GATT) -
(General) Agreement on Tarifts and Trade
.
.
.
4- Robert Browne, "Africa: Time for a New Development
Strategy", in M. Martin, Terry Kandal, Studies of Development and
change in the modern world, Oxford Press, 1989. PP. 399-408.
5 -los Angles Times, June, 22, 1997.
6- Immanual Wallerstein, unthinking social science, the Limits
of Nineteen-Century
Paradigms, Oxford: Polity, Press, 1991.
-
.
.
. 𐢛
(Brunatland) -
.
. 듑
ⓑ
.
9- York Bradshaw and Michael Wallace/
Global Inegualte, Pine Forge Press, 1996. 10- Philip Mc Michael,
Development and soubl Change: A Global Perspective, Pine
. -
(Burce Rish) Forge Press, 1996. . -
13- Nation, Editorials vol. 263, No.3, July, 1996.
14- Ibid., P. 3.
15- Susan George, the Dest Boomering. How Third World Debt
Harms us All, Boulder, Westview Press/ 1992. Cted in Philip
michael/ 1996.
16- Cted in the Nation/ 1996.
