be donbAl-e kudetA-ye 1332 va soqut-e dowlat-e melli va demokrAtik be noxost-vaziri-ye doktor mosaddeq, siyAsat-e sarkub va qatl tavassot-e reZim-e mohammad rezA SAh-e pahalvi alayh-e AzAdi-xAhAn-e irAni be ejrA dar-Amad. bA hadaf-e qarAr dAdan-e mohem-tarin sAzemAn-hA-ye siyAsi-ye An zamAn ya'ni hezb-e tude-ye irAn va jebhe-ye melli-ye irAn ke pAygAh-e asli-ye fa'Aliyat-hA-ye AzAdi-xAhAne-ye mardom-e irAn budand, siyAsat-e sarkub movaffaq gardid ke opozision-e sAzemAn yAfte-ye irAn rA dar-ham beSekanad. lAken dar avAyel-e dahe-ye 60 zemzeme-hA-ye moxAlefat bA reZim-e diktAtori-ye SAh az now Sanide mi-Sod. mahAfel-e rowSanfekri tabdil be marAkez-e fa'Aliyat-e siyAsi gardid. dAneS-AmuzAn va dAneS-juyAn-e irAni nesbat be jonbeS-hA-ye AzAdi-xAhAne va enqelAbi ke teyy-e dahe-hA-ye 1950 va 1960 dar keSvar-hA-ye moxtalef be-viZe dar kubA va viyetnAm jaryAn dASt garAyeS-e ziyAdi peydA karde budand. esteqlAl, demokrAsi, sosiyAlism va piS-raft-e ejtemA'-i AmAj-hA-ye asli-ye mobAreze-ye rowSan-fekrAn-e irAn bud. az An-jA ke barAy-e rah-bari-ye jonbeS sAzemAn-hA-ye qavi va bA tajrobe amalan vojud na-dASt, bahs-e mahAfel-e rowSan-fekri ru-ye cegunegi-ye por kardan-e in xala' motemarkez bud.

noxostin ejlAs-e jonbeS-e fadAiyAn-e xalq dar sAl-e 1342 tavassot-e biZan-e jazani va yArAnaS bargozAr Sod. An-hA be in natije reside budand ke nofuz-e qodratmand-e AmrikA dar irAn va sarkub-e AzAdi-xAhAn-e moxAlef-e dowlat, fa'Aliyat-hA-ye siyAsi-ye mosAlemat-Amiz rA be kolli qeyr-e momken sAxte ast.

dar in ertebAt bud ke mobAreze-ye mosallahAne tanhA rAh-e moasser barAy-e dast-yAbi be AzAdi SenAxte Sod. talAS-hA-ye jam'-e rowSan-fekrAn-e irAni, bA hamle be yek post-e ZAndArmeri dar jangal-hA-ye SomAl-e irAn, 19 bahman-e 1349 samar dAd va ta'sis-e sAzemAn-e cerik-hA-ye fadAi-ye xalq-e irAn e'lAm Sod.

dar dowre-ye 8 sAle az 1349 tA 1357 fadAiyAn tavassot-e reZim-e diktAtori-ye hAkem zir-e Sadid-tarin hamalAt qarAr dAStand. biS az har sAzemAn-e moxAlef-e digari, ya'ni nazdik-e 300 fadAi-ye xalq tavassot-e reZim-e SAh be qatl residand. dar in sAl-hA tey-ye cahAr dowre-ye zarbe, aksariyat-e rahbarAn-e sAzemAn dastgir va yA koSte Sodand. ammA sAzemAn pA-bar-jA mAnd. bozorg-tarin zarbe zamAni bud ke biZan-e jazani va 6 nafar-e digar az moassesAn-e sAzemAn be surat-e maxfiyAne dar zendAn teror Sodand. in vAqee dar 30 farvardin-e 1353 dar zamAni rox dAd ke 8 sAl az dastgiri va mahkumiyat-e An-hA dar zendAn-hA-ye reZim mi-gozaSt va mohAkeme-ye dovvomi ham anjAm na-Sode bud. fadAiyAn dar jaryAn-e enqelAb-e 1357 ke omdatan tavassot-e peyrow-An-e Ayat-o-llAh xomeyni rahbari gardid, naqS-e moasser va fa'Ali rA ifA kardand. dar in hengAm, aqlab-e niru-hA-yi ke moxAlef-e yek-dowlat-e mazhabi budand az fadAiyAn poStibAni mi-kardand.

be donbAl-e piruzi-ye enqelAb, dafAter-e fa'Aliyat-e alani-ye sAzemAn dar aqlab-e Sahr-hA-ye irAn ta'sis Sod. in dafAter ba'dan tabdil be markaz-e tajammo'-e javAnAn-e qeyr-e mazhabi va edAlat-xAh gardid. dar noxostin entexAbAt-e ba'd az enqelAb fadAi-yAn 10 dar-sad az ArA' rA be xod extesAs dAdand va baqiye-ye ArA' be naf'-e niru-hA-ye mazhabi be sanduq-hA rixte Sod.

dar in beyn bahs-hA-ye darun-e sAzemAni miyAn-e fadAiyAn dar mowred-e enqelAb be jaryAn oftAd. dar sadr-e in masAel, nahve-ye mobAreze va cegunegi-ye barxord bA hAkemiyat, mohem-tarin mowzu'-e mowred-e bahs bud.

aksariyat-e bozorgi az a'zA' digar e'teqAdi be mobAreze-ye mosallahAne na-dAStand, An-hA xAstAr-e ettexAz-e xatt-e maSy-e hamrAhi bA tude-hA-ye mardom gardidand. tude-hA-yi ke peyrow-e rahbarAn-e mazhabi-ye jAmee budand. in extelAfAt be enSeAb-e aqqaliyati ke dar bargirande-ye 10 dar-sad az a'zA-ye fa'Al-e sAzemAn bud montahi gardid. sar-anjAm dar ruz-e avval-e mAh-e meh-e 1360 ejtemA'-e azim-e yek-sad hezAr nafari-ye fadAiyAn dar meydAn-e AzAdi-ye tehrAn bargozAr gardid. dar in ruz rahbari-ye sAzemAn xatt-e maSy-hA-ye jadid-e sAzemAn rA e'lAm kard. az jomle e'lAm Sod ke sAzemAn-e fadAiyAn digar yek jonbeS-e ceriki nist va yek sAzemAn-e siyAsi motealleq be tabaqe-ye kArgar-e irAn ast. az in ruz sAzemAn, rasman sAzemAn-e fadAiyAn-e xalq-e irAn (aksariyat) nAmide Sod.

tA AvAyel-e dahe-ye 1980 ke hanuz dowlat-e eslAmi be towr-e kAmel bar owzA' mosallat naSode bud, sAzemAn fa'Aliyat-hA-ye nime alani-ye xod rA edAme mi-dAd. orgAn-e rasmi-ye sAzemAn (naSriye-ye kAr) bA tirAZi beyn-e sad tA sisad hezAr dar har hafte montaSer mi-Sod. teyy-e cahAr sAl talAS barAy-e sAxtan-e sotun-e faqarAt-e sAzemAn te'dAd-e a'zA-ye taSkilAt be 20000 nafar afzAyeS yAft. dar miyAn-e in a'zA' yek sevvom zan - yek panjom kArgar va se-panjom dAneS-ju va dAneS-Amuz budand. senn-e motevasset dar miyAn-e a'zA-ye sAzemAn kam-tar az 24 sAl va dar miyAn-e kAdr-e rahbari 32 sAl bud.

sAzmAn-dehi-ye baxS-e qAbel-e tavajjohi Az javAnAn-e moterraqi-ye qeyre-mazhabi va ta'sis-e yek sAzemAn-e siyAsi-ye sekulAr va bA nofuz, dar jAmee-i Sadidan mazhabi barjeste-tarin eqdAm-e sAzemAn-e fadAiyAn-e xalq bud.

alAraqm-e siyAsat-hA-ye s. f. x. i.(a) mabni bar ehterAz az qarAr gereftan dar hAlat-e taqAbol-e mostaqim-e hokumat, ASkAr bud ke bonyAd-garAyAn-e hAkem nemi-tavAnestand fa'Aliyat-hA va mowjudiyat-e fadAiyAn rA tahammol konand. bA in-ke dar sAl-hAye 1980 - 1982 ke s. f. x. i.(a) az siyAsat-hA-ye hokumat dar zamine-hAy-e moxtalef az qabil-e extelAfAt bA erAq, mavAzee zed-de AmrikAi va janbeh-hA-ye xAssi az eslAhAt-e eqtesAdi, omdatan poStibAni mi-kard, qAnunan ejAze-ye fa'Aliyat nadASt. hattA dar hamAn sAl-hA ahkAm-e e'dAm barAy-e fadAiyAn sAder mi-Sod va sad-hA mobArez-e fadAi dar zendAn be-sar mi-bordand.

ta'qib va sarkub-e hame-jAnebe-ye s. f. x. i.(a) dar bahAr-e 1983 zamAni AqAz Sod ke dowlat-e eslAmi sAxtAr-hA-ye sistem-e jam'-Avari-ye ettelAAt va Sabake-hA-ye polisi-ye xod rA kAmel nemud. dowlat-e eslAmi dar nAbud kardan-e baxS-e mohemmi az rah-bari-ye sAzemAn nA-kAm mAnd va rah-bari be xArej az keSvar montaqel gardid.

dar ut-e 1988 xomeyni qabl az margaS dastur-e qatl-e Am-me zendAniyAn-e siyAsi-ye irAn rA sAder kard. hezArAn nafar az jomleh biS az sad fadAi rA dar zendAn-hA bedun-e mohAkeme sar-be-nist kardand. mardom az in jenAyat-e howl-nAk be nAm-e "fAjee-ye melli" yAd mi-konand.

dar dowre-ye hokumat-e jomhuri-ye eslAmi candin hezAr fadAi be zendAn afkande Sodand, sad-hA nafar az jomle 8 ozv-e rah-bari e'dAm Sode va hezArAn nafar be xoruj va farAr az keSvar majbur Sode-and.

dar nime-ye dovvom-e dahe-ye 1980 natAyej-e talx-e enqelAb-e irAn va sar-neveSt-e sosiyAlism dar ettehAd-e Sowravi be bohrAn-e ideoloZik va siyAsi va taSkilAti monjar Sod.

mehvar-e asli-ye bahs-hA-ye dowrAn-e bohrAn rA, arzyAbi-hA-ye qalat az jomhuri-ye eslAmi, va sAxtAr-e qeyre demokrAtik-e darun-e sAzemAni taSkil mi-dAd.

in bohrAn ta'sir falaj-konande-i ruy-e besyAri az baxS-hA-ye sAzemAn dASt. bahs-hA-ye daruni dar sar-tA-sar-e sAzemAn montaSer gardid. dar tAbestAn-e 1988 hoquq-e a'zA barAy-e ebrAz-e AzAd-e noqte-nazarAt-e Saxsi va mostaqel bar-qarAr gardid va in tahavvol ke noxostin gAm dar tajdid-e sAxtAr-e sAzemAn bud, rAh rA barAy-e tadArok-e noxostin kongere hamvAr kard.

dar ut-e 1990 noxostin kongere-ye sAzemAn dar xArej az keSvar bar-gozAr gardid. kongere tavajjoh-e xod rA be bar-resi-ye mojaddad-e barnAme-ye sAzemAn, siyAsat-e gozaSte, vaz'iyat-e siyAsi va ravAbet-e dAxeli ma'tuf nemud. be-alAve kongere mavAzee rahbari rA be yek goruh-e jadid sepord va farAxAn barAy-e bar-gozAri-ye kongere-ye dovvom dar sAl-e ba'd rA e'lAm nemud. nahve-ye sAzemAn-dehi-ye kongere va dast-Avard-hA-ye An, vahdat-e erAdeh-ye s. f. x. i(a) rA ehyA kard va e'temAd-e moteqAbel va ham-bastegi miyAn-e fa'AlAn va darun-e sAzemAn rA tahkim baxSid.

sAl-hA-ye dahe-ye 1990 taqyirAt-e omde-i rA dar jonbeS-e fadAiyAn be hamrAh dASt. be donbAl-e tahlil-e tArixce-ye gozaSte-ye sAzemAn, demokrAsi be onvAn-e hadaf-e fowri va asAsi-ye sAzemAn e'lAm gardid.

talAS-hA-ye qabli dar jahat-e vahdat-e ideoloZik dar sAzemAn be kenAr gozASte Sod va be jAy-e An tafAvot-hA-ye ideoloZik va tafakkor-e mostaqel be towr-e rasmi pazirofte va mowred-e poStibAni qarAr gereft. kongere-ye noxost, sosiyAlism rA be onvAn-e hadaf-e nahAi-ye xod e'lAm kard. kongere-ye dovvom tasmim gereft ke har do sAl yek bAr kongere-ye sAzemAni farA-xAnde Savad. az An zamAn tasmim-e fowq be towr-e kAmel be ejrA dar Amade ast.

dar sAl-e 1995 cahAromin kongere-ye sAzemAn bar-gozAr gardid. be-xAter-e ham-zamAni-ye in gerd-e-ham-Ayi bA bist-o-panjomin sAl-gard-e teror-e bonyAn-gozAr-e sAzemAn biZan-e jazani, in kongere be-nAm-e u nAm-gozAri Sod. dar tArix-e sAzemAn dah-ye 1990 tanhA be onvAn-e dahe-ye pazireS va enteSAr-e osul-e demokrAtik miyAn-e taSkilAt SenAxte naxAhad Sod, bal-ke be onvAn-e dowre-ye ham-kAri va ravAbet-e beh-tar miyAn-e sAzemAn va jonbeS-hA-ye liberAl, eslAh-talab va demokrAtik-e irAn sabt xAhad Sod.

dar irAn bonyAd-garA-i ham-conAn hokumat mi-kond. lAken Aksariyat-e mardom-e irAn az reZim-e fe'li nA-rAzi hastand. hadaf-e mardom-e irAn az enqelAb-e 1979 sarneguni-ye diktAtori, fasAd va bi-adAlti bud. ammA jomhuri-ye eslAmi in xAsteh-hA rA bar-Avarde na-kard. be jAy-e An tahqir va AzAr-e zanAn-e irAni raviye-ye jAri Sod va Sekl-e qAnuni be xod gereft.

fAsele-ye tabaqAti miyAn-e faqir va qani afzAyeS yAft, emkAnAt-e ejtemAi va eqtesAdi-ye keSvar be-xosus bA mohAjerat-e se milyun nafar az aqSAr-e tahsil-karde sadame-ye jeddi dide ast. ravAbet-e goruh-hA-ye moxtalef-e qowmi va mazhabi be towr-e kolli dar ma'raz-e tahdid qarAr gerefte ast. ravAbet-e xAreji-ye jomhuri-ye eslAmi monjar be enzevA-ye siyAsi-ye keSvar Sode ast.

sAl-e 1996 be xAter-e towtee-hA-ye hokumat alayh-e rowSan-fekrAn-e sar-SenAs, nevisandegAn va ruznAme-negArAn va ham-conin be xAter-e jalb-e hemAyat-e jAmee-ye beyn-al-melali alayh-e amaliyAt-e teroristi-ye j. e. i. be manzur-e qatl-e rahbarAn-e moxAlef-e irAni dar xArej az keSvar qAbel-e tavajjoh ast. fadAiyAn be onvAn-e a'zA-ye bozorg-tarin sAzemAn-e sekulAr-e irAn mi-xAhand yek jomhuri-ye demokrAtik rA jAy-gozin-e teokrAsi-ye fe'li namAyand. An-hA barAy-e barqarAri-ye hokumati ke AzAdAne va be surat-e mosAlemat-Amiz entxAb Sode bASad talAS mi-konand. in ahdAf vasian mowred-e poStibAni-ye mardom-e irAn ast.

tahavolAt-e sAl-e 1996 neSAn dAd ke SAlude-ye motmaenni barAy-e ham-kAri va kuSeS-hA-ye mottahed miyAn-e tamAm-e niru-hA-ye opozision-e irAni - be-joz mojAhedin va saltanat-talabAn - barAy-e residan be yek jomhuri-ye demokrAtik va tamAman entexAbi vojud dArad.

barAy-e dast-yAbi be ahdAf-e fowq mA fadAiyAn bar arzeS-hA-ye modern, demokrAtik va sosiyAlisti takye mi-konim. mA zed-de bartari-talabi-ye jensi hastim. mA xAstAr-e donyA-i hastim ke bar pAye-ye hamkAri-ye beyn-al-melali va ham-zisti-ye mosAlemat-Amiz miyAn-e mellat-hA va miyAn-e farhang-hA-ye moxtalef benA Savad. mA niz negrAn-e Ayande-ye in sayyAre-im.